La productividad en España. Condicionantes tecnológicos y empresariales

The BBVA Foundation–Valencian Economic Research Institute joint research program numbers among its activities the Observatory of Productivity and Competitiveness in Spain (OPCE), whose aim is to generate periodic data and conduct in-depth analysis on this all-important issue.

OPCE 2025 is the third in a series of annual reports. The analyses it includes cover a variety of topics. The first two chapters update and expand on the overviews of Spanish productivity and competitiveness presented in previous reports. Chapter one looks in depth at the recent performance of growth and productivity sources, along with their principal determinants, and features a first-time assessment of the degree of utilization of installed productive capacity. Chapter two examines the country’s external competitiveness, with attention to the advances and setbacks of the last few years and the possible impact of the latest external shocks on the Spanish economy.

The remaining three chapters are given over to individual topics of interest. Chapter three looks at the state of artificial intelligence in Spain and explores its potential contribution to improving productivity. Chapter four combines sectoral and regional perspectives to analyze differences in regional growth patterns, with a  focus on the importance of digital intensity in the productivity performance of each region. Finally, chapter five studies the relationship between productivity and business dynamics in Spain based on firm-level data.

For interested readers, the OPCE report also comes with an extensive, detailed database.